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In the discussion of the energy situation in developing countries and specifically in the rural areas, it is widely recognised that small hydropower may play a significant role in development. What is less clear, is the question what hydropower can realistically achieve and also the question of which specific technologies are technically and economically feasible and socially acceptable.
The paper presented here is an attempt to give some specific answers, based on actual field experience. No claim is made that the technology and the approach discussed are valid in all situations. No doubt, different approaches are possible and different situations may require other technological solutions.
Transfer of know-how of the specific technologies shall be possible with further volumes in the form of design and construction manuals in the same series of publications.
Realising the importance of energy in rural development, the Swiss Directorate for Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid (DEH) has financed the work on this paper on the occasion of the UN-conference on New and Renewable Energies, Nairobi 1981. Actual development work in the field, on which most of the contents are based, has been initiated and sponsored by the Nepal Industrial Development Corporation (NIDC) in cooperation with the Swiss Association for Technical Assistance (SATA/HELVETAS) and less formally with the United Mission to Nepal (UMN). Work was carried out by the local engineering firms Balaju Yantra Shala (BYS) and Butwal Engineering Works (BEW), with the cooperation of many other organizations such as ADB/N, CEDT, ETHZ, EPFL, HTL Brugg-Windisch, SHDB and SKAT ( refer to annexe II for abbreviations used).
In addition, material was used from ATDO, ESCAP, NEA, NRECA, OLADE, UNIDO, the World Bank and many other sources, and the Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim, gave specific permission to use material from one of their publications.
Grateful thanks are acknowledged to all institutions and individuals who helped directly or indirectly in providing support and information. Special thanks to Jean-Max Baumer who has written the chapter on economics and to Vreny Knöpfler who has done all the typing work.
St. Gall, June 1981
SKAT, Swiss Center for
Appropriate Technology
Ueli Meter St. Gallen 1985 St.Gall 1985
Author: Ueli Meier,
SKAT,
0th the collaboration of Jean Max Baumer, ILE
Photographs: B. Antener, A. Arter, M. Eisenring, J. Litscher, U. Meier
First edition: SKAT, 1981, 750 copies
Second edition: SKAT, 1983, 560 copies
Third edition: 1985, 1000 copies
Published jointly by: SKAT, Swiss Center for Appropriate Technology, and ATOL, Aangepaste Technologie Ontwikkelinglanden
Comments, All questions and comments concerning this publication enquiries: and its contents are welcome at SKAT, Varnbüelstr.14, CH-9OOO St.Gallen, Switzerland Copyright: Material of this publication may be freely quoted, translated or otherwise used. Acknowledgement is requested.
ISBN 3 908001 02 1
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