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		How to Make Tools (Peace Corps, 1977, 51 p.)
			(introduction...)
			Information
			A temporary hammer
			A chisel
			A drill
			Saw made with two pieces of wood
			Saw made with four straight pieces of wood and string
			Permanent hammer with bamboo handle
			Permanent hammer with wood handle
			Tin can drill
			Holding the wood with a bench hook
			Another wood holder
			Knife from metal packing strip
			Combination saw and knife
			A screwdriver
			Tongs
			Tweezers
			Tin cutting using the chisel or a tin cutter
			A heating stand made from a tin
			How to make a round hole in a tin
			Making an equal arm balance
			Detecting changes in temperature without a thermometer
			Making a set of weights
			Conversions between metric, British and American weights and measures

A screwdriver

In certain schools, children may be able to use screws, instead of nails, for joining pieces of wood. If screws are available in your school, your pupils will find this screwdriver useful.

Fig. 39

You will need the following materials:

One piece of wood

Length: more than 9 cm but less than 14 cm

Circumference: If a string is put around the wood and marked the marks should be more than 12 cm but less than 15 cm

One nail, 10 cm long

Saw

Hammer

Chisel

Bench Hook

Drill

Making the Screwdriver

Use the bench hook as a support. Then, with a chisel and hammer or a heavy knife, shape the piece of wood so that it looks like the handle shown in the diagram.

Fig. 40

Use a drill that will make a hole a little smaller than the nail. Make a hole in the end of the handle as deep as it is possible to make with the drill. Use the saw to cut the nail near the head of the nail, as shown in the diagram.

Fig. 41

Flatten the part of the nail where you have cut it until it looks like this:

Fig. 42

This end will be the one which is banged into the wooden handle. Flatten the other end of the nail (End B) until it looks like this:

Fig. 43

Decide how thick the point of the screwdriver will be. This controls where you will cut off the flattened part of the nail. Use a saw to cut off the end of the nail.

Fig. 44

A little rubbing on a piece of stone, or some filing, may be needed to remove sharp pieces of metal.

Fig. 45

When the point of the screwdriver is complete, it should look like this:

Fig. 46

Too much rubbing on a stone can destroy the usefulness as a screwdriver; if the point looks like this, it is not good.

Fig. 47

Most nails that you will buy are probably of a soft metal. When you use the screwdriver, the point of it will become damaged or twisted quickly. You can harden the point by using the method which is described in making the chisel point hard ( Section B.).

It is only necessary to harden the end of the nail which will be the blade of the screwdriver. The other end, which has been roughly flattened, does not need hardening.

Now put the blade of the screwdriver on a large piece of soft wood and hold the handle so that the flattened part of the nail (End A) is in the hole in the handle. Use a hammer to hit the other end of the handle so that the flattened end of the nail goes into the hole in the handle. When the nail seems firmly attached in the handle, stop hammering. Twist the screwdriver gently to remove the blade from the large piece of soft wood. The screwdriver is now ready to use.