| | |
DAYS TO GERMINATION |
DAYS GERMINATION |
SCIENTIFIC |
COMMON |
TREATMENT/ |
(WITH TREATMENT/ |
(WITHOUT TREATMENT/PREPARATION) |
NAMES |
NAMES |
PREPARATION |
PREPARATION) | |
Acacia anuera |
Anuera |
Soak in tap water for 20-30 minutes. |
not indicated |
not indicated |
|
|
Immerse in boiling water until it cools. | |
|
Acacia auriculiformis |
Auri, Japanese Acacia |
Immerse in boiling water for 30 seconds to 1 minute and soak overnight in cool water. |
3-8 |
7-10 |
| |
Immerse in hot water for 3-10 minutes and soak overnight in tap water. | | |
|
|
Immerse in boiling water for 520 seconds and soak in tap water for 24 hours. | | |
Acacia confuse |
Ayangile |
Immerse in boiling water for 5-10 seconds. |
not indicated |
not indicated |
Acacia mangium |
Mangium, Hickory wattle |
Immerse for 30 seconds in boiling water and soak overnight in cold water. |
3-6 |
5-30 |
| |
Immerse in boiling water for 5-20 seconds and soak in tap water for 24 hours. | | |
Acacia villosa |
Villosa |
Scarify mechanically. |
4-8 |
8-12 |
| |
Soak in tap water for 49 hours. | | |
Adenanthera microsperma |
Saga, Java tanglin |
Scarify mechanically. |
8-10 |
10-20 |
| |
Immerse in boiling water for 5 seconds. | |
|
Agathis dammara (A. philippinensis) |
Almaciga, Manila copal |
Soak in cold water for 24 hours. |
not indicated |
not indicated |
Albizia julibirissin |
Silk tree |
Immerse in boiling water for 5-20 seconds and soak in tap water for 24 hours. |
not indicated |
not indicated |
Albizia lebbek |
Langil, Black ebony |
Immerse in boiling water for 2 minutes and soak overnight in tap water. |
3-10 |
not indicated |
|
|
Immerse in hot water and soak for 24 hours. | |
|
Albizia lebbekoides |
Kariskis |
Soak in hot water, let cool and soak overnight. |
3-4 |
not indicated |
Albizia procera |
Akleng parang |
Immerse in boiling water for 5 seconds and soak overnight in cold water. |
5-10 |
16-25 |
| |
Immerse in boiling water for 2 minutes and soak overnight in tap water. | | |
|
|
Soak in tap water for 2448 hours. | | |
Albizia saman (Samanea saman) |
Acacia Raintree |
Immerse in boiling water for 24 hours and soak in tap water until it cools off. |
7-15 |
16-25 |
| |
Immerse in hot water for 3 minutes and soak overnight in cold water. | | |
|
|
Soak in ethyl alcohol for 4 hours with occasional stirring. | | |
Aleurites moluccana |
Lumbang, Candle nut tree |
Mix 2 parts of seeds with 1 part mud. Cover container with jute sack and expose to direct sunlight for 30 days. |
10 |
not indicated |
|
|
Peel, nick or crack the shell. | | |
Alnus species |
Alder |
None required |
- |
10-22 |
Anacardium occidentale |
Cashew, Kasuy |
Remove remaining tissue at point of attachment to flesh |
11-14 |
14-17 |
Annona muricata |
Guyabano, Soursop |
Soak overnight, air-dry and store at room condition for 1 month. |
17-20 |
18-60 |
Annona squamosa |
Atis, Sweetsop |
Air-dry and store at room condition for 3 weeks. |
11-20 |
20-30 |
Anthocephalus chinensis |
Kaatoan bangkal |
None required |
- |
21-28 |
Artocarpus camansi |
Kamansi |
None required |
- |
10-15 |
Artocarpus heterophyllus |
Langka, Jackfruit |
Remove seed coat, wash and soak in cold water for 24 hours. |
3-5 |
14 |
Artocarpus odoratissima |
Marang |
None required |
- |
14-22 |
Averrhoa bilimbi |
Camias |
Wash slimy covering and air-dry. |
5-7 |
7-10 |
Averrhoa carambola |
Balimbing, Starfruit |
Remove slimy covering and air-dry. |
11-25 |
20-40 |
Azadirachta indica |
Neem |
Soak in tap water for 3-6 days. |
7-15 |
not indicated |
Bambusa blumeana |
Kawayan tinik, Thorny bamboo |
Soak in cold water for 48 hours. |
not indicated |
not indicated |
Bauhinia purpurea |
Fringon morado hours. |
Soak in tap water for 24 |
4-8 |
18 |
Bixa orellana |
Achuete, Annatto |
None required |
- |
7 |
Cajanus cajan |
Kadios, Pigeon pea |
None required |
- |
4-6 |
Calamus merrilli |
Rattan, Palasan |
Scarify mechanically |
3-7 |
45 |
| |
Remove hilum. |
| |
Calliandra calothyrsus |
Calliandra |
Immerse in hot water and soak in tap water for 24 hours. |
3-6 |
7-12 |
| |
Soak in cold/tepid water for 24 | | |
| |
Immerse in boiling water for 2 minutes and soak overnight in tap water. | | |
Cananga odorata |
Ilang-ilang |
Soak in hot water for 24 hours. |
less than 60 |
60-80 |
Canarium ovatum |
Pili, Pili nut |
None required |
- |
30-45 |
Carica papaya |
Papaya |
Remove gelatinous material, wash clean and air-dry. |
10 |
14-21 |
Cassia fistula |
Golden shower |
None required |
- |
7-14 |
Cassia occidentalis |
Cassia seconds. |
Immerse in boiling water for 5 |
1-3 |
3-5 |
Cassia siamea |
Balayong tindalo, Thailand shower |
Immerse in hot water and soak for 12-24 hours. |
3-7 |
12-17 |
| |
Soak in cold/tepid water for 48-72 hours. | |
|
Cassia spectabilis |
Antsoan-dilau |
Immerse in boiling water for 3 seconds |
8-12 |
14-30 |
| |
Soak in hot water for 12 hours. | | |
| |
Immerse in boiling water for 5-20 seconds and soak in tap water for 24 hours. | | |
Casuarina equisetifolia |
Agoho, Casuarina |
None required |
- |
7-21 |
ChrysophyIlum cainito |
Caimito, Starapple |
None required |
- |
18-40 |
Citrus grandis |
Lukban, Suha, Pomelo |
Wash slimy materials and air-dry. |
16-20 |
not indicated |
Citrus madurensis |
Kalamansi, Kalamondin |
Wash slime from seeds and air-dry. |
5-10 |
not indicated |
Cocos nucifera |
Coconut, Niyog |
Place nuts 2/3 into soil with wide segment down. |
not indicated |
70-160 |
Coffee arabica |
Kape, Coffee |
Remove parchment and soak in cold water for 24 hours. |
30 |
3045 |
Corypha utan (C. elata) |
Buli, Buri palm |
Remove hard fibrous seed. |
14-30 |
70-80 |
| |
Remove hilum. |
| |
Crotalaria pallida (C. arincana) |
Crotalaria |
None required |
2-8 | |
Delonix regia |
Fire tree |
Immerse in boiling water for 10 seconds. |
12-20 |
15-25 |
| |
Soak in cold/tepid water for 24 hours. | |
|
Desmodium discolor |
Desmodium |
Immerse in boiling water for 5 seconds. |
3-6 |
5-9 |
Desmodium rensonii |
Rensoni |
Immerse in boiling water for 10-20 seconds. |
3-6 |
5-8 |
Diospyros philippinensis |
Mabolo, Kamagong, Talagang |
Scarify mechanically. |
10-14 |
16-20 |
| |
Soak in tap water for 2448 hours. | | |
| |
Soak in boiling water for 5 minutes. | |
|
| |
Soak in hot water (50°C) for 30 minutes. | | |
Durio zibethinus |
Durian, Civet fruit |
Remove aril. |
8-17 |
not indicated |
Endospermum peltatum |
Gubas Soak in tap water for 12 hours. |
25-45 |
not indicated |
|
Erythrina indica |
Dapdap, Anii, Rarang |
Soak in cold/tepid water for 24 hours. |
10-15 |
20-25 |
Eucalyptus rostrata (E deglupta) |
Bagras, Eucalyptus |
None required- |
- |
3-8 |
Flemingia macrophylla |
Flemingia |
Soak in tap water for 48 hours. |
3-7 |
5-10 |
| |
Immerse in boiling water for 3-10 seconds. | |
|
| |
Immerse in hot water for 1 minute. | | |
Garcinia mangostana |
Mangosteen |
Remove flesh and fiber, use large seeds weighing 1 gram or more for greater viability and survival. |
20-30 |
more than 30 |
Gliricidia septum |
Kakawate, Madre de Cacao, Ouick stick |
Soak in hot water for 30 seconds and cool overnight. |
5-7 |
9-12 |
| |
Scarify mechanically. | | |
| |
Soak in tap water for 24 hours. | | |
Gmelina arborea |
Gmelina Yemane, Paper tree |
Soak in cold/tepid water for 48 hours. |
6-14 |
2040 |
| |
Soak in tap water for 24 hours. | | |
| |
Soak in hot water for 10 minutes. | | |
| |
Imbibe in dark, moist sand for 30 days. | |
|
Hopea foxworthyii |
Dalingdingan |
Remove wings. |
2 |
not indicated |
Indigofera tinctoria |
Tayum, Indigofera |
None required |
- |
2 |
Intsia bijuga |
Ipil Moluccan iron wood |
Soak for 15 to 24 hours. |
2-5 |
7-14 |
| |
Nick seedcoat |
| |
Lansium domesticum |
Lansones |
Remove adhering tissue, wash and air-dry Use big, plump and heavy seeds (1 gram or more). |
8-15 |
13-16 |
Leucaena diversifolia (acid and hybrid) |
Acid ipil-ipil, Diversifolia |
Soak in hot water for 3 minutes. |
7-15 |
9-18 |
| |
Immerse in boiling water for 5 seconds | |
|
Leucaena leucocephala |
Ipil-ipil Leucaena, Horse tamarind |
Soak in tap water for 36 hours. |
5-12 |
12-20 |
| |
Immerse in hot water for 2-3 minutes and soak in water for 24-72 hours. | | |
|
|
Immerse in boiling water for 2 minutes and soak overnight in tap water. | | |
|
|
Soak in hot water for 12 hours. | | |
Livistona rotundifolia |
Anahaw, Fan palm |
Soak for 24 hours. |
2-3 |
not indicated |
|
|
Remove hilum cover. |
| |
Mangifera indica |
Mango, Mangga |
Remove husk to improve quality and uniformity of seedlings. |
10-15 |
36 |
Manilkara zapota (Achras zapota) |
Chico, Chickle tree |
Soak in tap water for 1-6 hours. |
18-20 |
16-44 |
Melia azedarach |
Paraiso, Umbrella tree |
Soak in cold/tepid water for 48 hours. |
not indicated |
not indicated |
|
|
Scarify mechanically. | | |
Moringa oleifera |
Malungay, Horse radish tree |
None required |
- |
5-12 |
Nephelium lappaceum |
Rambutan |
Wash and clean free from adhering arils. |
not indicated |
11-17 |
Ormosia calavensis |
Bahai |
Soak in tap water for 48 hours. |
20 |
60 |
Paraseriantines falcataria (Albizia falcataria) |
Moluccan sau, Falcata, White albizia |
Soak in hot water and allow to cool for 12 hours. If water is not hot, extend cooling to 24 hours. |
2-5 |
8-10 |
| |
Scarify mechanically. | | |
| |
Immerse in boiling water for 520 seconds and soak in tap water for 24 hours. | | |
Parkia roxburghii |
Kupang |
Soak in hot water for 5 minutes. |
15-20 |
48 |
| |
Scarify mechanically. | | |
Persea americana |
Avocado, Guacamole |
Remove seedcoat. |
18-28 |
21-42 |
Piliostigma malabaricum (Bauhinia malabarica) |
Alibangbang Butterfly tree |
Immerse in hot water for 2-3 minutes and soak overnight in tap water. |
4-6 |
5-8 |
Pinus caribaea |
Carribean pine |
Soak seeds in tap water for 24 hours and core in 45°C for 2-3 days. |
7 |
not indicated |
Pinus kesiya |
Benguet pine |
Soak in tap water for 6-24 hours. Remove floaters. |
4-7 |
14 |
Pithecellobium dulce |
Kamachile, Manila tamarind |
None required |
- |
5 |
Pouteria campechiana |
Tiessa |
Remove shell. |
21 |
49 |
Prosopis pallida |
Prosopis |
Soak in hot water. |
not indicated |
not indicated |
|
|
Scarify mechanically. | | |
Psidium Bayabas Guava guajava |
Remove slime and air-dry. |
10 |
not indicated |
|
| |
Soak in boiling water for 5 minutes. | |
|
Pterocarpus indicus |
Smooth narra |
Soak in hot water (50°C) for 10 minutes. |
4-15 |
not indicated |
|
|
Soak in hot water for 12 hours. | | |
| |
Soak in boiling water for 3-5 | | |
| |
seconds. | |
|
Pueraria javanica |
Kudzu |
Immerse in hot water for 1 minute. |
4-12 |
5-15 |
| |
Soak for 24 hours. |
| |
Sandoricum koetjape |
Santol |
Rub seeds with sand to remove fibrus covering and wash well. Dry under shade. |
not indicated |
10-21 |
Serialbizia acle |
Akle |
Soak in trot water for 15 hours. |
less than 120 |
120 |
Sesbania bispinosa |
Prickly sesban |
Soak for 24 hours. |
5-8 |
6-10 |
Sesbania grandiflora |
Katurai |
Soak in cold/tepid water for 24 hours. |
not indicated |
not indicated |
Sesbania sesban |
Sesban |
Soak in cold/tap water for 24 hours. |
3-6 |
5-7 |
| |
Immerse in hot water and soak overnight in tap water. | | |
Spondias purpurea |
Siniguelas, Saraguelas, Red Mombin |
Sterile seeds (use stem cutting) |
- |
- |
Swietenia macrophylla |
Large leaf mahogany |
Soak in hot water (50°C) for 5 minutes. |
8-14 |
14-28 |
| |
Break off seed wings. | | |
Syzygium cumini |
Duhat, Black plum |
None required |
- |
10-21 |
Syzygium samarangense |
Macopa |
Wash, remove all adhering flash. |
10-12 |
12-25 |
Tamarindus indica |
Tamarind, Sampaloc |
None required |
10-14 | |
Tectona grandis |
Teak Yati |
Soak seeds in running water for 24-72 hours. Sundry for 1-2 days. |
14-68 |
90 |
| |
Repeat soaking and drying for 12-14 days. | |
|
| |
Soak in boiling water for 48 hours and allow to stand in cold water for 24 hours. | | |
| |
Pour boiling to hasten disintegration of seed cover. | | |
Terminalia ivorensis |
|
Alternate soaking and drying for 7 days. |
not indicated |
not indicated |
Theobroma cacao |
Cacao, Cocoa |
Remove mucilage by rubbing between hands or sand. |
less than 14 |
14 |
Trema orientalis |
Anabiong, Charcoal tree |
Immerse in lukewarm water for indicated 5-10 minutes. |
not indicated |
|
| |
Macerate and wash. |
| |
Vitex parviflora |
Molave |
Remove pericarp (hard covering) of fruit. |
5-10 |
10 |
Wikstroemia sp. |
Salago |
Scarify mechanically. |
7-20 |
more than 30 |
|
|
Crack seed coat lightly. | | |
Ziziphus jujube |
Manzanitas |
None required |
|
30 |