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The Improvement of Tropical and Subtropical Rangelands (BOSTID) (introduction...) Acknowledgements Panel on the improvement of tropical and subtropical rangelands Contributors National research council staff Preface Overview: Dimensions of a worldwide environmental crisis The geographical scope References Part I Introduction (introduction...) References The nature of tropical and subtropical rangelands (introduction...) Range classification Social system-ecosystem interactions References The social context for rangeland improvement (introduction...) Production systems in tropical and subtropical regions Context of environmental degradation References The economic context (introduction...) Range systems The basis of range economics Project analysis Determining costs and benefits Resource evaluation Market price determination References Regional resource assessment (introduction...) Information needs Information acquisition References Site evaluation (introduction...) An ecosystem perspective A systems approach to site evaluation Evaluation of abiotic and biotic components Integrated evaluations References Grazing management (introduction...) Grazing management concepts Time of grazing Distribution of grazing Type of animal grazing Number of animals grazing Grazing management planning Grazing management systems Livestock management The herima system in Mali References Rehabilitation techniques Establishing plants on the range Natural revegetation Direct seeding Improvement of tropical and subtropical rangelands Selected practices References Criteria for plant selection Project planning Socioeconomic and management considerations in feasibility studies Adaptation to ecoclimatic conditions Adaptation to soils Adaptation to physiography, geomorphology, topography, slope, and aspect Ability of introduced species to compete with native vegetation Use regimes Availability of seeds and plant materials Maintenance of biological diversity Plant improvement References Part II Introduction to the case studies Pastoral regimes of Mauritania (introduction...) Physical geography Migration cycle The Beni Mguild of Morocco (introduction...) Physical geography Migratory cycle The Kel Tamasheq (introduction...) Introduction Camp organization References Dromedary pastoralism in Africa and Arabia (introduction...) Introduction Reproduction and risk Management and labor Subsistence production Marketing Predatory pastoralism The future of camel pastoralism References The mountain nomads of Iran: Basseri and Bakhtiari (introduction...) The physical environment The basseri The bakhtiari The Marri Baluch of Pakistan (introduction...) Physical environment Seasons and migrations A mixed economic system Conclusiones Changing patterns of resource use in the Bedthi-Aghanashini valleys of Karnataka state, India (introduction...) Introduction The setting Human communities Traditional patterns of resource management Colonial period After independence Recent trends References Kenya: Seeking remedies for desert encroachment (introduction...) Introduction Background Traditional pastoralism Baseline studies Vegetation and livestock Directions for the future The hema system in the Arabian peninsula (introduction...) Rights of ownership or use The hema system in Saudi Arabia The mahmia or marah, and the koze system in Syria Neglect of the hema and its consequences Hema in the range improvement and conservation programs in the near east References Wildlife land use at the Athi River, Kenya (introduction...) Background Some early findings Conclusion Camel husbandry in Kenya: Increasing the productivity of ranchland (introduction...) Introduction Location Vegetation Livestock Introduction of camels Management and adaptability Reproduction and lactation Veterinary notes Economics Reference The potential of faidherbia albida for desertification control and increased productivity in Chad (introduction...) Background Characteristics of faidherbia albida Project description Project analysis and evaluation Conclusions References Improving Nigeria's animal feed resources: Pastoralists and scientists cooperate in fodder bank research Board on science technology for international development (introduction...) Members