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Water Manual for Refugee Situations (UNHCR, 1992, 160 p.) (introduction...) Foreword Drinking water 1. Introduction 2. Assessment and organization (introduction...) General Assessment Personnel and materials 3. The need (introduction...) Water demand/quantity Quality 4. Immediate response during emergencies (introduction...) General 5. Refugee water supply systems (introduction...) General 6. Water sources, their protection and development (introduction...) General Surface water Rainwater Groundwater Springs Dug wells, boreholes, infiltration galleries General Dug wells Driven wells Jetted wells Boreholes Drilling techniques Well design and completion - Technical specifications Borehole and aquifer yield assessment - Test pumping Borehole maintenance Technical specifications and contractual documents for borehole drilling contracts Infiltration galleries Municipal or private systems as source of water supply 7. Pumping equipment (introduction...) General Description of pumping equipment Pumping power sources (introduction...) Animal traction Other non-conventional sources of power Internal combustion engines Electric motors Handpumps Basic pump choice calculations (introduction...) Total manometric head Net positive suction head Characteristic curves 8. Water treatment (introduction...) General Water quality and treatment requirements Pre-treatment Coagulation, mixing and flocculation Sedimentation Filtration Disinfection Other water treatment processes Disposal of treatment plant waste 9. Water storage (introduction...) General Open air storage Centralized water storage Storage capacity needs Water storage at distribution points Water storage at household level 10. Water distribution systems (introduction...) General Types of pipeline systems Valves and taps Other system components Considerations for pipeline designs Pipeline construction 11. Operation and maintenance of water supply systems (introduction...) General Training needs Operation and maintenance plan Water inventory data Preventive maintenance Refugee participation (introduction...) "Village level operation and maintenance" Standard designs and equipment Logistics support Maintenance of sources and catchments Maintenance of water treatment facilities Maintenance of reservoirs Maintenance of standposts and other watering points Maintenance of pumping facilities 12. Management of emergency water supply systems (introduction...) Needs assessment Conceptual design Immediate response Plan of action Emergency project submission Project preparation Tender documents Project implementation From emergency to general programmes in the water sector Budgets Annex A - Refugee water supply inventory forms Annex B - Approximate daily water requirements in refugee emergency situations Annex C - Guidelines on water quality Annex D - Recommended format for technical specifications for water well construction