2. Kinds and construction of shaping tools to be used

Shaping tools show a great variety as far as their shapes and dimensions are concerned. All tools can be used which are also applied for the technique of turning, machining of external contours.

For shaping surfaces standing at an angle to each other and stepped surfaces the following shaping tools are applied:

- Straight tool

It is most frequently used for roughing of stepped surfaces. It can take up great cutting forces, but it has the property to bounce and, thus, to hook into the work.

Figure 4. Straight tool

- Offset tool

It is used, as a rule, for side machining.

Figure 5. Offset tool

- Swan-necked tool

It is used when the tool holder does not allow another tool to be used. Backward swan-necked or offset tools are especially suitable, as they bounce out of the workpiece and, thus, do not hook into it.

Figure 6. Swan-necked tool

Figure 7. Backward-offset tool

- Shoulder tool

It is used for machining shoulders. Because of its cutting-edge shape, however, the risk of getting broken is greater on this tool.

Figure 8. Shoulder tool

- Broad-nose tool

It is suited for machining end faces.

Figure 9. Broad-nose tool

According to the shape of the workpiece or surface finish the following forming tools are used:

- Pointed shoulder tool

It is used for finishing angular surfaces.

Figure 10. Shoulder slotting tool

- Radius tool

It is used for shaping radii.

Figure 11. Radius tool

- Grooving tool

It is used for shaping longitudinal grooves.

Figure 12. Grooving tool

- Keyway tool

It is used for shaping angular keyways.

Figure 13. Keyway tool

All shaper tools can be constructed as solid or compound tools.

Compound tools are more frequent. Apart from a varying shape, the basic construction does not differ considerably.

In the case of solid tools, tool tip and tool body consist of one material. Tool steel, high-speed steel and super high-speed steel are used as materials.

Compound tools are characterized by having tool body and tip body made of different materials. The connection between tool body and tool tip body can be firm (welded-on, soldered-on), but also loose (mechanically held).

Figure 14. Compound tool (1 tool body, 2 tip body)

As far as forming tools are concerned, solid tools shall be given preference due to the longer tool life.

What forming tools do you know?
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How is a compound tool composed?
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Are forming tools used as solid or compound tools?
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