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Alles D., 1982, Traditional forms of packaging & vending Facets of Sri Lanka, Seevali Design and Printing Centre, 179 Sir James Peiris Mawatha, Colombo 2, Sri Lanka.
Bakker M., 1986, The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology, United States.
Barail L. C., 1954, Packaging Engineering, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 430 Park Avenue, New York 22, United States.
British Standards Institute, British Standard 1133 Packaging Code, 2 Park Street, London W1A 2BS, United Kingdom.
Brody A. L., 1971, Flexible packaging of foods, Newnes-Butterworths, London, United Kingdom.
Dea-Sung Lee, 1984, The choice of packaging materials for developing countries, Paper: Packaging research and development department, Korea Design and Packaging Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
FAO, 1988, Manual on fish canning, Fisheries technical paper 285, Rome, Italy.
FEFCO, Transport requirements and quality standards for corrugated boxes in different countries, European Federation of Corrugated Board Manufacturers, FEFCO, 37 Rue de l'Amsterdam, F-75008 Paris, France.
Fibre Box Association, Fibre box handbook, 5725 North East River Road, Chicago, Illinois 60631, United States.
Friedman Walter F. and Jerome J. Kipnees, 1977, Distribution Packaging, Robert Krieger Publishing Co, 645
New York Avenue, Huntington, NY 10036, United States.
Ghali Gamal el Din, 1983, Main parameters influencing packaging in developing countries, Paper: Egyptian Packaging Development Association.
Griffin R. C., S. Sacharow and A. L. Brody, 1972, Principles of food packaging, AVI Publishing, Westport, Connecticut, United States.
Hanlon J. F., 1992, Handbook of packaging engineering, McGraw Hill Inc. 330 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036, United States.
Haney J. D., 1986, Manual on wooden packaging, Export Packaging Note No. 12, International Trade Centre UNCTAD/GATT, 54 - 56 rue de Montbrillant, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
Heiss R. 1970, Principles of food packaging: An international guide, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, I-00100 Rome, Italy.
ILO, Technical Memorandum Series, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland.
ISO, Various test methods for paper, paperboard and corrugated boxes, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varembe, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland.
ITC/UNCTAD/GATT, 1988, Manual on the packaging of fresh fruits and vegetables, 54-56 Rue de Montbrillant, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
ITC/UNCTAD/GATT, The arrival conditions of export packages from developing countries, Export Packaging Note No. 20, 54-56 rue de Montbrillant, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
Jones A., 1983, Packaging problems in India and elsewhere, Consultant report, UNIDO.
Kim H., 1984, Reducing wastage and improving distribution through packaging, Paper of the 10th APF Congress in Jakarta 14-17 November 1983, Indonesian Packaging Federation, JL Gajah Mada 162-C, Jakarta 11130, Indonesia.
Leonard E., 1987, Packaging Specifications, Purchasing and Quality Control, Morgan-Grampian Publishing Company, 205 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10016, United States.
McDonalds G. M., Food packaging: Coffee/tea and spices, Consultancy report for PIRA, Randalls Road, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 7RU, United Kingdom.
McDonalds G. M., Packaging materials, PIRA, Randalls Road, Leatherhead ,Surrey, KT22 7RU, United Kingdom.
Milligan I., 1981, Developing new markets: Packaging Review, June 1981.
Moody B. E., 1964, Packaging in glass, Hutchinson Publishing Group, 178-202 Great Portland Street, London W1, United Kingdom.
Package Engineering, Modern package encyclopedia, 5 South Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60603, United States.
Paine F. A. and Paine, 1983, A Handbook of food packaging, Leonard Hill, London, United Kingdom.
Paine, F. A. et al., 1962, Fundamentals of packaging, Blackie and Son Ltd., 450/452 Edgware Road, London W2 1EG, United Kingdom.
Paine F. A., The Packaging Media, Blackie and Son Ltd. 450/452 Edgware Road, London W2 1EG, United Kingdom.
Railroad Freight Classifications, Uniform freight classification, Room 206 Union State Building, 515 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago ,Illinois 60606, United States.
Ranger H. O., 1985, Visiting experts help solve tough packaging problems, in: Packaging, April 1985, page 73-77.
Sacharo S. and R. C. Griffin, 1970, Food packaging: A guide for the supplier, processor and distributor, AVI Publishing, Westport, Connecticut, United States.
Selin, J. Thirty-three Ways to Improve Your Packaging Economy and Avoid Costly Waste, Export Packaging Note No. 12, International Trade Centre UNCTAD/GATT, 54 - 56 rue de Montbrillant, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
Selke Susan E. M., l990, Packaging and the environment: Alternatives, trends and solutions, Technomic Publishing Compact, 851 New Holland Avenue, Box 3535, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604, United States.
Sprenger Instituut, Guide for the packaging of vegetables and fruit, Sprenger Instituut, Haagsteeg 6, 6708 PM Wageningen, Netherlands.
Subramanian M. R., 1981, Packaging and pollution, from: Proceedings of 8th Asia packaging congress.
Tuszynski W., 1978, Packaging, storage and distribution of processed milk, FAO, Rome, Italy.
UN, 1986, Packaging, Food cycle technology sourcebook 5, New York, United States.
UNIDO, 1977, Information sources on the packaging industry, UNDO Guides to Information Sources No 27, United Nations Publications, One UN Plaza, New York, NY 100167, United States.
UNDO, Packaging and packaging materials with special reference to the packaging of food, ID/SER 1/5.
VITA, Small-scale paper bag manufacturing process, VITA Publications Service, 1815 North Lynn Street, Suite 200, Arlington, Virginia 22209, United States.
Vogler J., 1982, The so called developed world falls behind in plastic recycling, in: Materials Reclamation Weekly, Feb 6.
Wong C. S., 1983, Role of packaging in the distribution system, Paper of the 10th APF Congress in Jakarta
14-17 November 1983, Indonesian Packaging Federation, JL Gajah Mada 162-C, Jakarta 11130, Indonesia.
Worgan J. T., 1977, Canning and bottling as methods of food preservation in developing countries, Appropriate Technology, vol 4 no 3.
World Food Programme, 1983, Food storage manual, WFP Publication, Via Cristoforo Colombo 426, 00145 Rome, Italy.
Among a large number of general and specialized packaging periodicals in the English language, the following can be considered as giving the best overall information, suitable to conditions in developing countries.
Packaging Engineering (includes Modern Packaging), 5 South Wabash Avenue, Chicago ,Illinois 60603, United States.
Food and Drug Packaging, Magazines for Industry Inc., 777 Third Avenue, New York NY 10017, United States.
Packaging Review, IPC Industrial Press Ltd., Quadrant House, The Quadram, Sutton Surrey SM2 5AS, United Kingdom.
Packaging News, McLean-Hunter Ltd., 30 Old Burlington Street, London W1X 2AE, United Kingdom.
PIRA Abstracts Journal, PIRA, Randalls Road, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 7RU, United Kingdom.
Modern Plastics International, 50 avenue de la Gare, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland.
World Packaging Organization
(WPO)
1 Vere Street
London
WIM 9HQ
United
Kingdom
These institutes are usually (semi) private research institutes interested in international exchange of experience and knowledge in packaging technology, education and training of packaging specialists, international standardization of packaging and marketing They might charge for their assistance.
Asia
Asian Packaging Federation c/o Hapan Packaging Institute Honshu Building, 2-5 chome Ginza Higashi, Chou-ku Tokyo Japan
Indian Institute of Packaging H-24 Green Park Extension New Delhi 16 India
Packaging Institute of the Philippines Room 207 Far East Building Buendia Avenue Makati, Rizal Philippines
Hong Kong Productivity Centre Rooms 512-516 Gloucester Building Des Voeux Road c P.O. Box 16132 Hong Kong
Korea Packaging Institute Daewan Building 513 111 Hap Dong Suh Dae Mun-Ku Seoul Republic of Korea
Thailand Industrial Product Design Centre Department of
Industrial Promotion Ministry of Industry Rama VI Road Phyathai Bangkok
Thailand
Australia
The National Packaging Association of Australia Manufacturers House 370 St. Kilda Road Melbourne 3004 Australia
Latin America
Centro Argentino de Servicios y Estudios del Packaging (CESEP) Hipolito Yrigoyen 850 Buenos Aires Argentina
Instituto Mexicano del Envase y Embalaje AG Asociacion Nacional de Importadores y Exportadores de la Republica Mexicana (ANIERM) Paseo de la Reforma No. 122 Mexico 6 DF Mexico
Middle East
The Israel Institute of Packaging and Industrial Design 2 Carlebach Street P.O. Box 20038 Tel-Aviv Israel
Europe
European Packaging Federation (see World Packaging Organisation)
Inhaber der Firmen Tuwa and Tuwaplastik Dampfmuhlgasse 5 X! Vienna Austria
Osterreichisches Institut fur Verpackungswesen Franz Nein-Gasse 1 A-1190 Vienna Austria
Laboratoire General pour Emballages 105 Boulevard Suchet Paris 16 France
Institut fur Lebensmitteltechnologie und Verpackung Schragenhofstr 35 8000 Munich 54 Germany
Beratungsstelle fur Seemassige Verpackung Bleichenbrucke 10 Hamburg 36R Germany
PIRA Randalls Road Leatberhead, Surrey KT22 7RU United Kingdom
British Plastic Federation 5 Belgrade Square London SW1X 8PH United Kingdom
Institute TNO for Packaging Research Schoemakerstraat 97 Delft Netherlands
Stichting Verpakkingssontwikkeling Nederland Parkstraat 18 The Hague Netherlands
Sprenger Instituut
Haagweg 6
6708 PM
Wageningen
Netherlands
The Norwegian Pulp and Paper Research Institute Post Box 250 Vinderen, Oslo Norway
Norwegian Agricultural Institute for Food Packaging Boks 64
Vollebekk Pr Oslo Norway
Swedish Packaging Research Institute Elektravagen 53
Box 42054 Stockholm 42 Sweden
North America
The Society of the Plastics Industry Inc. 355 Lexington Avenue New York NY 10017 United States
Flexible Packaging Association 1111 19th Street NW Washington DC 20036 United States
The Packaging Institute
342 Madison Avenue
New York NY
10017
United States
Packaging Association of Canada 45 Charles Street East Toronto 5 Canada
Australia
National Materials Handling Bureau The National Materials
Handling Bureau
105-115 Delhi Road North Ryde NSW 2113
Australia
Telephone: (02) 887 8111
Telex: AA25386
Austria
Packaging Laboratory for Foodstuffs and Beverages
(Verpackungslabor fur Lebensmittel und Getranke) c/o Universitat fur Bodenkultur
Gregor Mendel Strasse 33 A-1180 Vienna
Telephone: (0222) 342500 KL 188/189,
(0220) 316321
Belgium
Belgian Packaging Institute n.p.a Institute Belge de l'Emballage
a.s.b.l. -Belgisch Verpakkingsinstituut 15 Rue Picard, B-1020
Bruxelles
Telephone: (02) 4272583, 427259
Telex: 62514 ibedvib B
Brazil
CETEA-National Food Packaging Center / Inshtuto De Tecnologia De
Alimentos Ac Brazil 2880 CX Postal 139 Campinas - Sao Paulo
Telephone:
415222
Telex: 019 1009
Czech Republic
IMADOS Institute of Handling, Transport, Packaging and Storage Systems 130 83 Praha 3-Zizkov Konevova 131 Telephone: 2641409, 2632889 Telex: 121 402 IMOS PHA
Denmark
Danish Packaging, Distribution and Transport Research Institute
(Emballeageinstituttet) Meterbuen 15 Dk-2740 Skovlunde
Telephone: 452843066
Finland
Association of Packaging Technology and Research
(Pakkaustenknolofiaryhma r.y) c/o The Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute
P.O. Box 136 S.F-00101 Helsinki
Telephone: 90460411, 904550791
Telex:
121030 kcl SF
The Finnish Pulp & Paper Research Institute (Oy Keskuslaboratorio-Centrallaboratorium Ab) Tekniikantie 2 SF-02150 Espoo 15 P.O. Box 136 SF-001001 Helsinki 10 Telephone: 90-460411 Telex: 12-1-3-KCL SF
France
Packaging Division of the National Testing Laboratory (Laboratoire National d 'Essais) 11-13 Avenue Georges Politzer, 78190 Trappes Telephone: (3) 051 10 9 Telex: 202319 F
French Packaging Institute (Institut Francais de l'Emballage et du Conditionnement IFEC) 1 Cite Bergere 75009 Paris Telephone: (1) 246 31 20
Germany
Federal Institute for Materials Testing (BAM- Bundesanstalt fur Materialprufung) Unter den Eichen 87 D-1000 Berlin 45 Telephone: (030) 8104-1
Advisory Board for Transport Packaging - Institute for Export Packaging (Beratungs- und Forschungsstelle fur Versandverpackung EVBFSV - Institut fur Export-Verpackung IFE) Lohbrugger Kirchstrasse 65 D-2050 Hamburg 80 Telephone: 040/72522756 Telex: 2165327 bfsv D
Fraunhofer-Institut fur Lebensmitteltechnologie und Verpackung (ILV) - Institute for Food Technology and Packaging
Schragenhofstrasse 35 D-8000 Munchen 50 Telephone: (089) 141 10 91
Israel
Packaging Laboratory - Debartment of Food Engineering Technion -
Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32 000
Telephone (04)
292451 292454,292903, 292659, 292626
The senior staff members of the Packaging Laboratory belong to the faculties of Food Engineering and Biotechnology and Agricultural Engineering of the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology.
Japan
Japan Packaging Research Institute Honshu Bldg 5-12-8 Ginza
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104
Telephone: 03 543 2641
Cable: JAPANPKGINST
Telex:
02522610 PKG1NS J
Mexico
National Laboratories for Industrial Development Packaging Division (Division Envase y Embalaje -Laboratorios Nacionales de Fomento Industrial - LANFI) Avenida Industria Militar 261 Mexico 10 DF Apartado Postal 41-537 Mexico 10 DF Telephone:(905) 5890199, 589 0233 Telex: 017-71996 LNFIME
Morocco
Moroccan Packaging Institute (Institut Marocain de I 'Emballage
et du Conditionnement - IMEC) Km 9.5 Route de Nonaceur Casablanca P.O. Box 8006
Casa-Oasis
Telephone: 362501, 362266, 365950
Telex: 24086
Netherlands
Institute TNO forPackaging Research (Instituut TNO voor
Verpakking) Schoemakerstraat 97 Delft Postbus 169 2600 AD Delft
Telephone:
015 569330
Telex: 31453
Norway
Norwegian Food Research Institute P.O. Box N1432 AS-NLH
Oslo
Telephone (02) 940860
Poland
Polish Packaging Research and Development Centre (Centrainy
Osrodek Badawczo-Roswojowy Opakawan) U1. Konstancinska 11 02-942
Warzawa
Telephone: 422011
Telex: 812473 COBRO
Spain
Institute Espanol del Envase y Embalaje Breton de los Hemevos 57 Madrid 3
Sweden
Swedish Packaging Research Institute (Svenska Forpackningsforskningstitutet) Torshamnsgatan 24 Box 9 S-163 93 Spanga Stockholm Telephone: 752028
Switzerland
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA - Eidg. Materialprufungs- und Versuchsanstalt fur Industrie, Bauwesen und Gewerbe) Unterstrasse 11 CH 9001 St Gallen Telephone: 071 209141 Telex: 71278
United Kingdom
Pira (The Research Association for the Paper and Board, Printing
& Packaging Industries) Randalls Road Leatherhead, Surrey KT22
7RU
Telephone: 376161
Telex: 929810
United States
Michigan State University of America School of Packaging,
College of Agriculture & Natural Resources East Lansing Michigan
48824
Telephone: 517 353 6462
Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Centre for Packaging Engineering PO Box 99 Piscataway NJ 08854
Dept. of Packaging Science Rochester Institute of Technology
P.O. Box 9887 Rochester NY 14623-0887
Telephone:
716-475-6925
(on packaging) in Africa
United Nations Development Programme Caixa Postal 910 Luanda Angola
United Nations Development Programme BP 506 Cotonou Benin
General Packaging Industries Ltd. PO Box 1523 Gaborone Botswana
Food Technology Research Service Private Bag 11 Kanye Botswana
GTZ Gaborone Office Private Bag X12 Gaborone Botswana
Botswana Technology Centre Private Bag 0082 Gaborone Botswana
Ministry of Commerce and Industry Private Bag 004 Gaborone Botswana
Kgalagadi Plastic Industries PO Box 20529 Gaborone Botswana
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 54 Gaborone Botswana
United Nations Development Programme BP 575 Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
United Nations Development Programme BP 1490 Bujumbura Burundi
United Nations Development Programme BP 836 Yaounde Cameroun
United Nations Development Programme BP 465 and 51 Brazzaville Congo
United Nations Development Programme BP 1747 Abidjan Cote d'Ivoire
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 5580 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 553 Banjul Gambia
United Nations Development Programme PO Box M27 Accra Ghana
United Nations Development Programme BP 222 Conakry Guinea
United Nations Development Programme CP179
Bissau
Guinea Bissau
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 30218 Nairobi Kenya
Fruit and Vegetable Canners Ltd PO Box 1047 Maseru 100 Lesotho
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 301 Maseru Lesotho
Lesotho National Development Corporation Private Bag 496 Maseru 100 Lesotho
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 274 Monrovia Liberia
Plastic Products Ltd. PO Box 907 Blantyre Malawi
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 30135 Lilongwe Malawi
Packaging Industries PO Box 30533 Chichiri, Blantyre 3 Malawi
Bureau of Standards PO Box 946 Blantyre Malawi
Blantyre Print and Packaging Private Bag 39 Blantyre Malawi
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 253 Port Louis Mauritius
United Nations Development Programme Casier ONU Rabat-chellah, Rabat Morocco
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 4595 Maputo Mozambique
United Nations Development Programme BP 11207 Niamey Niger
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 2075 Lagos Nigeria
UNDP Field Sub-Office PO Box 400 GPO Kaduna Nigeria
United Nations Development Programme BP 445 Kigali Rwanda
United Nations Development Programme BP 154 Dakar Senegal
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 1011 Freetown Sierra Leone
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 24 Mogadishu Somalia
NEOPAC Ltd. PO Box 618 Manzini Swaziland
United Nahons Development Programme Private Mail Bag Mbabane
Swaziland Swazi-Pak Ltd. PO Box 119 Manzini Swaziland
Swaziland Fruit Canners Ltd. PO Box 77 Malkerns Swaziland
Paper Products Ltd. PO Box 9422 Dar es Salaam Tanzania
International Trade Centre PO Box 9182 Dar es Salaam Tanzania
Tanzania Bureau Standards PO Box 9524 Dar es Salaam Tanzania
Ministry of Industries and Trade PO Box 9503 Dar es Salaam Tanzania
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 9182 Dar es Salaam Tanzania
United Nations Development Programme BP 911 Lome Togo
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 7184 Kampala Uganda
United Nations Development Programme BP 7248 Kinshasa Zaire
United Nations Development Programme Box 31966 Lusaka Zambia
Zambia Bureau of Standards PO Box 50259 Lusaka Zambia
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 31966 Lusaka Zambia
Standards Association of Zimbabwe PO Box RY 129 Raylton, Bulawayo Zimbabwe
International Trade Centre PO Box 4775 Harare Zimbabwe
IT Field office PO Box 1744 Harare Zimbabwe
United Nations Development Programme PO Box 4775 Harare Zimbabwe
Ministry of Trade and Commerce Private Bag 7708 Harare Zimbabwe
AID & Packaging Services (UK) Ltd Eltric Road Worcester WR3 7NU United Kingdom
Atwell Self-Adhesive Labellers Unit D1 Hays Bridge Business Centre Brickhouse Lane South Godstone Surrey RH9 8JW United Kingdom
Botswana Technology Centre Private Bag 0082 Gaborone Botswana
C R Clarke & Company (UK) Ltd. Betws Industrial Park Ammanford Dyfed SA18 2LS United Kingdom
CMB Packaging Technology plc Downsview Road Wantage OX12 9BP United Kingdom
Chadwicks Ltd. Villiers Street Bury Lancashire United Kingdom
Erapa (UK) Ltd. Pakrap House 7 York Street Luton LU2 OEZ United Kingdom
FEFCO 37 rue de l' Amsterdam F-75008 Paris France
ICI Plastics Division Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire United Kingdom
Limpet Tapes Ltd. 9A George Street Huntingdon Cambridgeshire PE18 6BD United Kingdom
MAISA Solis 8250 7600-Mar del Plata Argentina
MARIA Ltd. 10 Worden Grove Lidgit Green Bradford West Yorkshire BD7 SD United Kingdom
Metal Closures Ltd. Bromford Lane West Bromwich Staffordshire United Kingdom
Perafrap Ltd. M40 Industrial Centre Coronation Road High Wycombe Bucks HP12 3RS United Kingdom
PRODEC Toolonkatu 11 A 00100 Helsinki Finland
Thames Packaging Ltd.. Senate House Tyssen Street London E8 2ND United Kingdom
Thomas Hunter Ltd. Omnia Works Mill Road Rugby CV21 4BA United Kingdom
While food processing still has the main objective of providing a safe nutritious diet in order to maintain health, other aspects, particularly the generation of wealth for the producer and seller, have become increasingly important. While in developed countries food processing is almost totally carried out in large, automated factories, small-scale food processing still remains a vitally important economic activity in the developing world.
This publication on packaging materials for food products offers an inventory of packaging materials and cost-effective methods that can be applied on a small scale in developing countries. The information is primarily aimed at entrepreneurs in small-scale food-processing industries in developing countries and employees of development organizations supporting these entrepreneurs.
ISBN 90 7085728 6
International Labour Office - Geneva . Transfer of Technology
for Development -
Amsterdam
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