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Bioconversion of Organic Residues for Rural Communities (UNU, 1979, 178 p.) From the charter of the United Nations University Foreword Perspectives on bioconversion of organic residues for rural communities (introduction...) Introduction Sources of available nutrients The most suitable materials for bioconversion Characteristics of residues Bioconversion systems Physical and chemical treatments Microbial conversion The animal conversion phase Summary References Availability of organic residues as a rural resource (introduction...) Discussion summary: Papers by van der Wal and Barreveld Micro-organisms as tools for rural processing of organic residues (introduction...) Introduction Microbial utilization of mono- and di-saccharide residues Microbial conversion of starchy residues Microbial conversion of complex mixtures of compounds (Polysaccharides, Proteins, Lipids, etc.) Microbial utilization of cellulose and ligno-cellulose residues Algal culture as a source of biomass Microbial utilization of silviculture biomass Micro-organisms and marine and freshwater biomass International studies on processing organic residues References Production of feed as an objective for bioconversion systems (introduction...) Introduction General characteristics Manure as feed Sewage-grown micro-algae Conclusion References Environmental goals for microbial bioconversion in rural communities (introduction...) Introduction Health and water economy Fertilizer and energy economy Concluding remarks References Discussion summary: Papers by Porter, Berk and La Rivière Strategies for developing small-scale fermentation processes in developing countries (introduction...) References Discussion summary Production of microbial protein foods on edible substrates, food by-products, and ligno-cellulosic wastes (introduction...) Preface Introduction Contributions to the solution of nutritional problems Development of protein-rich vegetarian meat substitutes in the western world References Discussion summary The role of ruminants in the bioconversion of tropical byproducts and wastes into food and fuel (introduction...) Introduction Nutritional limitations in the use of tropical by-products and waste Practical experience with tropical by-products and wastes as feed for ruminants An integrated system for converting tropical feeds and byproducts into milk, beef, and fuel References Discussion summary Possible applications of enzyme technology in rural areas (introduction...) Introduction Biocatalytic processes Enzyme hydrolysis of manioc Whole cell systems Cellulose degradation and utilization Transfer of enzyme technology to rural communities Conclusions References Discussion summary Indian experience with treated straw as feed (introduction...) Introduction Experience with straw treatment Field testing and demonstration of straw treatment General considerations Summary Annex 1. The energy efficiency of the two-stage, feed-fuel processing of straw in indian villages Annex 2. Method of calculating the value presented in table 2 for the efficiency of naoh energy usage Annex 3. Recommendations to farmers on the treatment of straw Annex 4. Calculated efficiency of milk production by straw-fed village buffaloes References Discussion summary Indian experience with algal ponds (introduction...) Introduction Cultivation of algae in wastes for feed Problems of contamination Cultivation of algae for biofertilizer References Acknowledgements Discussion summary Organic residues in aquaculture (introduction...) Introduction The range of production in aquaculture The value of organic wastes Direct feeding Concluding remarks References Discussion summary Biogas generation: developments. Problems, and tasks - an overview (introduction...) Introduction What is biogas? Microbiology of CH4, or bio-methanogenesis The biogas plant-some technical considerations Environmental and operational considerations Developments and processes for rural areas Cost-benefit analyses Health hazards Bottlenecks, considerations, and research and development References Discussion summary Mushroom production technology for rural development (introduction...) Materials and methods for growing mushrooms under natural or field conditions Growing mushrooms under semicontrolled conditions Results and discussion References Discussion summary The combination of algal and anaerobic waste treatment in a bioregenerative farm system (introduction...) Introduction Algae production on organic wastes The bioregenerative farm References Discussion summary A continuous composting system for disposal and utilization of animal wastes at the village level (introduction...) Status of land utilization and disposal of animal wastes A continuous composting system for land utilization of animal wastes at the village level References Bioconversion of fruit and vegetable wastes (introduction...) State of the art of bioconversion Technical transfer Integrated research on agricultural waste reclamation (introduction...) Introduction Production of yeast from soybean cooking waste at miso factories Application of soy waste as koji substrate for rice miso manufacturing (5, 6) Conclusion References Discussion summary Solid state fermentation of starchy substrates (introduction...) Introduction Materials and methods Agro-economic perspectives Summary References Discussion summary Production of single-cell protein from cellulose (introduction...) Introduction Experimental results Discussion Summary References Acknowledgements Discussion summary Analysis of energy cost of integrated systems (introduction...) Energy cost and energy requirement Why energy analysis? Net energy intensity What criteria are offered by energy analysis? Conclusion References Analysis of bioconversion systems at the village level (introduction...) Introduction Approach to bioconversion analysis Some results and costs from integrated systems Future development possibilities Conclusions Summary References Nutritional evaluation of bioconversion products for farm animals (introduction...) Introduction Testing procedures for determination of nutritional value Bioconversion products: toxicology - problems and potential (introduction...) Summary References Nutritional evaluation in humans (introduction...) Introduction Evaluation of products of bioconversion for human consumption Procedures for nutritional evaluation in humans The evaluation of various food products Concept of productivity Conclusions References Discussion summary: Papers by van Weerden, Shacklady, and Bressani Biomass from organic residues for animal and human feeding (introduction...) References Discussion summary Appropriate biotechnology - summary remarks (introduction...) References Other UNU Publications (introduction...) Books