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Typical strength properties and allowable stresses

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Appendix V: 10 Typical Strength Properties and Allowable Stresses (N/mm˛)

Mild-Steel Sections
Youngs Modulus (E) 206,000  
Tension or compression stress
in bending 155 -165  
Axial tension 155 (depends on slenderness ratio)  
Bearing 190  
Shear 115  
Mild-Steel Rivets and Bolts
Axial tension: rivets 100  
bolts 120  
Shear: rivets 90 -100  
bolts 80  
Bearing
(double shear): rivets 265 - 315  
bolts 200  
Timber (Green > 18% Moisture)    
  Softwoods (values in thousands) Hardwood
Young Modulus (E) 4 - 12 5 - 19
Bending or tension parallel to grain 3 -1 1 4 - 27
Compression paralled to grain 21/2 - 81/2 4 - 27
Compression perpendicular to grain 3/4 - 11/2 11/2 - 51/2
Shear parallel to grain 1/2 -11/4 3/4 - 3 1/2

Extracts from B.S. 499 and C.P. 112 are reproduced by permission of the British Standards Institution. Complete copies of the standard can be obtained from them at

Linform Wood, Milton Keynes, MK14 6LE, England.

Number of pens required for pig housing

Appendix Vl: Number of pens and stalls required in breeding pig units of various sizes (Choose values at the upper part of the intervals given where management, housing and production performance is of good standard and the intensity in the production is high

 


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